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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For example the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This ability can aid researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine a variety of issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech.
Recent research used an DCT as tool to evaluate the ability to resist of EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 (Https://Minibookmarking.Com/Story18208921/Pragmatic-Free-Game-The-Good-The-Bad-And-The-Ugly) L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders and then coded. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that were similar to natives. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors such as their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could face if they flouted the local social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might consider them "foreigners" and believe that they are not intelligent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultures on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. This method utilizes numerous sources of information like interviews, observations and documents, to confirm its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess.
The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also useful to review the existing literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help place the situation in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer options which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Furthermore, 프라그마틱 추천 슬롯 무료 (socialstrategie.Com) the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their third or second year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For example the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This ability can aid researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to examine a variety of issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech.
Recent research used an DCT as tool to evaluate the ability to resist of EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 (Https://Minibookmarking.Com/Story18208921/Pragmatic-Free-Game-The-Good-The-Bad-And-The-Ugly) L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders and then coded. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that were similar to natives. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors such as their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could face if they flouted the local social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might consider them "foreigners" and believe that they are not intelligent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultures on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. This method utilizes numerous sources of information like interviews, observations and documents, to confirm its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess.
The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also useful to review the existing literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help place the situation in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer options which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Furthermore, 프라그마틱 추천 슬롯 무료 (socialstrategie.Com) the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their third or second year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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